據《回聲報》12月28日報道,為了維護歐洲單一市場的公平,歐盟各國以國別名義給予企業和居民的補嚴格管制。然而,為了應對能源危機和氣候變化,歐盟放寬了上述管制。在一年半的時間里,歐委會批準了275項國別補申請,總金額高達7409億歐元。這一舉措引發了財經人士的擔憂。法國央行行長德加認為,對國別補的管控是歐盟單一市場實現公平和優化資源配置的必要條件,現在應全面恢復。國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)第一副總裁戈皮納特認為,歐盟各國采取的補措施,尤其是應對能源價格沖擊的舉措,將損害單一市場,給予預算充足國家競爭優勢。以德、法、意三國為例:德國的國別補幾乎占各國補總額的一半,是其在歐盟GDP中所占份額的兩倍;法國提供了23%的補,也高于其在歐盟GDP中17%的份額;而意大利雖然占歐盟GDP的12%,但僅提供了8%的補。德加認為,歐盟應建立有相當規模的歐盟統一預算,出臺真正的歐洲工業政策,在歐洲層面上決定和資助投資。 Overall, the relaxation of the control on national subsidies and the substantial amount of subsidies approved by the European Commission have raised concerns among financial experts and officials. The potential impact of these subsidies on fair competition and the integrity of the single market has become a topic of debate, with calls for a reevaluation of the subsidy control and the establishment of a unified European budget and industrial policy.